Predictors of first-year GPA of medical students: a longitudinal study of 1285 matriculates in China

BMC Medical Education

Table 4 Students-nested-in-majors HLM analyses for 1,285 matriculates of a medical school in China

	Fixed effects^§	Model 1^†		Model 2^†		Model 3^†
		b	*p value*	b	*p value*	b	pvalue
Major-level effects
	Intercept	77.13*	0.000	77.13*	0.000	77.17*	0.000
Social-demographic	% Female	0.04	0.149	0.04	0.133	0.04	0.172
	% Minority	0.04	0.797	0.04	0.808	0.07	0.661
	% Urban	-0.04	0.510	-0.04	0.505	-0.03	0.604
	% NCEE repeaters	0.03	0.675	0.03	0.677	0.04	0.615
	% First-generation	-0.08	0.284	-0.08	0.299	-0.08	0.313
	Average parental income	0.47	0.857	0.40	0.878	0.38	0.888
Average NCEE	Average NCEE score	2.96*	0.022	2.91*	0.023	3.04*	0.022
Motivational attitude	Average academic self-concept	0.18	0.949	0.41	0.883	0.67	0.815
	Faculty interaction	0.64	0.769	0.87	0.687	1.05	0.638
	Average authority	-1.72	0.381	-2.10	0.287	-2.32	0.252
	Average social goals	3.17	0.212	3.25	0.201	2.93	0.260
	Average financial goals	-1.74	0.491	-1.65	0.513	-1.51	0.559
Student-level effects
Social-demographic	Gender: female			2.37*	0.000	2.44*	0.000
	Ethnicity: minority			-1.98*	0.023	0.74	0.421
	Residence: urban			-0.06	0.845	0.09	0.782
	NCEE repeaters			-0.96*	0.035	-1.55*	0.001
	First-generation			-0.23	0.549	-0.27	0.469
	Parental income			-0.33*	0.032	-0.30*	0.049
Individual NCEE	NCEE score					1.24*	0.000
Motivational attitude	Academic self-concept					0.28*	0.042
	Faculty interaction					0.22	0.106
	Authority					0.05	0.685
	Social goals					0.06	0.666
	Financial goals					0.24	0.071

^†Model 1 included major-level variables alone; Model 2 included major-level variables and student-level socio-demographic variables; Model 3 included major-level variables and all student-level variables.
*Significant effects (p < 0.05) under each of the three models.
^§ b is the estimated regression coefficient, SE is its standard error, and the statistical magnitude of p is based on the t ratio.

ISSN: 1472-6920