Table 1 Bloom’s taxonomy and the associated verbs for each level of cognitive functioning
Bloom’s level of cognitive functioning | Verbs describing the learning outcome |
|---|---|
Knowledge | define, describe, identify, know, label, list, match, name, outline, recall, recognize, reproduce, select, state |
Comprehension | comprehend, convert, defend, distinguish, estimate, explain, extend, generalize, give examples, infer, interpret, paraphrase, predict, rewrite, summarize, translate |
Application | apply, change, compute, demonstrate, discover, manipulate, modify, operate, predict, prepare, produce, relate, show, solve, use |
Analysis | analyse, break down, compare, contrast, diagram, deconstruct, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, identify, illustrate, infer, outline, relate, select, separate |
Synthesis | categorize, combine, compile, compose, create, devise, design, explain, generate, modify, organize, plan, rearrange, reconstruct, relate, reorganize, revise, rewrite, summarize, tell , write |
Evaluation | appraise, compare, conclude, contrast, criticise, critique, defend, describe, discriminate, evaluate, explain, interpret, justify, relate, summarize, support |