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Table 1 Examples of the 6 categories of verbal teaching methods

From: A classification of the verbal methods currently used to teach endoscopy

Category

Examples

Demonstration with verbal narrative

“So I turn the big wheel to try to look around that corner, all the while ensuring continued torque on the scope”

Motor instruction

“… keep it centered. Now, look up. Look up again by using the big dial. … tap, tap on the suction …”

“stay out of that stool.”

Tips/tricks/pointers

“… the trick to any colon is you’ve got to negotiate the sigmoid colon without too much insufflation. It makes all the difference.”

Feedback

“Good. Well done”

Questioning

“What do you think of the stomach lining over there?”

Non-procedural information

“If we don’t find the bleeding here, the next step should be a nuclear medicine scan”