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Table 1 Student self-assessments for 33 specific learning objectives (1 = most positive rating; 6 = most negative rating)

From: Assessment of two different types of bias affecting the results of outcome-based evaluation in undergraduate medical education

Learning objectives

Summer 2011

Summer 2012

Initial performance level

Thentest rating

Posttest rating

True pretest (n = 83)

Thentest (n = 83)

Group A: sequential (n = 42)

Group B: direct (n = 32)

Group A: sequential (n = 42)

Group B: direct (n = 32)

Acute bronchitis

4.35 ± 1.31

4.75 ± 1.24

5.00 ± 0.99

4.56 ± 1.13

3.21 ± 1.46

3.09 ± 1.06

Pericarditis

5.90 ± 0.30

5.51 ± 1.13

5.50 ± 1.11

5.50 ± 1.27

2.74 ± 1.48

2.34 ± 1.45

Acute arterial occlusion

3.82 ± 1.46

4.13 ± 1.40

4.10 ± 1.30

4.53 ± 1.32

1.74 ± 1.31

1.69 ± 0.93

Acute myocardial infarction

3.14 ± 1.41

3.63 ± 1.62

3.93 ± 1.40

4.41 ± 1.37

1.36 ± 0.53

1.63 ± 1.04

Aortic aneurysm & dissection

5.19 ± 1.38

4.91 ± 1.53

5.40 ± 1.17

5.38 ± 1.21

1.55 ± 0.77

1.47 ± 1.05

Aortic stenosis

4.58 ± 1.35

4.94 ± 1.36

5.22 ± 1.15

5.19 ± 1.15

1.74 ± 0.99

2.00 ± 1.08

Asthma

5.14 ± 1.10

5.31 ± 1.13

5.02 ± 1.33

5.34 ± 1.34

2.05 ± 1.13

2.13 ± 0.98

Atherosclerosis

2.94 ± 1.38

3.39 ± 1.38

3.32 ± 1.29

3.84 ± 1.51

1.79 ± 0.81

1.94 ± 1.22

Chronic bronchitis

4.28 ± 1.48

4.66 ± 1.37

4.56 ± 1.34

4.78 ± 1.29

2.29 ± 1.18

2.03 ± 1.09

COPD

5.42 ± 0.80

5.34 ± 1.23

5.29 ± 1.10

5.34 ± 1.31

1.60 ± 0.94

1.94 ± 1.01

Pulmonary emphysema

5.42 ± 0.68

5.48 ± 1.02

5.29 ± 1.03

5.19 ± 1.42

2.64 ± 1.48

2.31 ± 1.23

Endocarditis

5.55 ± 0.97

5.52 ± 1.17

5.51 ± 1.31

5.66 ± 1.13

2.02 ± 1.39

1.91 ± 1.15

Tetralogy of Fallot

5.18 ± 1.33

5.01 ± 1.61

5.12 ± 1.74

5.38 ± 1.52

1.57 ± 1.35

1.41 ± 1.23

Congestive heart failure

4.59 ± 1.31

5.07 ± 1.34

4.76 ± 1.48

5.41 ± 1.24

1.64 ± 0.79

1.59 ± 1.10

Arterial hypertension

3.58 ± 1.42

4.56 ± 1.21

4.44 ± 1.48

4.69 ± 1.33

3.14 ± 1.49

2.34 ± 1.23

Influenza

2.87 ± 1.44

3.81 ± 1.40

4.27 ± 1.58

4.59 ± 1.48

2.48 ± 1.35

2.47 ± 1.22

Cardiomyopathy

5.73 ± 0.59

5.55 ± 0.93

5.50 ± 1.18

5.59 ± 1.16

2.64 ± 1.21

2.53 ± 1.11

Coronary artery disease

2.93 ± 1.53

3.23 ± 1.32

2.85 ± 1.30

3.63 ± 1.58

1.21 ± 0.47

1.31 ± 1.00

Pulmonary embolism

5.67 ± 0.61

5.68 ± 0.83

5.37 ± 0.99

5.22 ± 1.39

2.45 ± 1.15

2.41 ± 1.16

Mitral regurgitation

4.69 ± 1.22

4.99 ± 1.26

4.90 ± 1.15

5.28 ± 1.05

2.07 ± 0.89

2.25 ± 1.02

Myocarditis

4.96 ± 1.13

5.28 ± 1.03

5.15 ± 1.26

5.44 ± 1.16

2.38 ± 1.06

2.31 ± 0.93

Peripheral artery disease

4.95 ± 1.38

5.21 ± 1.28

4.83 ± 1.47

4.88 ± 1.54

2.17 ± 1.31

2.47 ± 1.61

Patent foramen ovale

5.45 ± 0.94

5.45 ± 1.06

5.46 ± 1.00

5.66 ± 1.13

2.90 ± 1.59

2.69 ± 1.53

Pleural effusion

5.32 ± 0.89

5.33 ± 1.02

5.07 ± 1.37

5.41 ± 1.16

2.69 ± 1.28

2.91 ± 1.25

Pneumonia

4.59 ± 1.43

4.85 ± 1.30

4.98 ± 1.29

5.31 ± 1.12

2.31 ± 1.35

2.41 ± 1.39

Pneumothorax

3.48 ± 1.36

3.99 ± 1.37

4.32 ± 1.46

4.59 ± 1.39

2.33 ± 1.20

2.19 ± 1.15

Pulmonary hypertension

4.49 ± 1.37

5.30 ± 1.01

5.10 ± 1.18

5.22 ± 1.39

3.36 ± 1.64

3.28 ± 1.33

Interstitial lung disease

5.60 ± 0.87

5.74 ± 0.70

5.69 ± 0.72

5.66 ± 1.04

3.98 ± 1.56

4.69 ± 1.31

Cardiac arrhythmias

4.25 ± 1.61

4.88 ± 1.48

5.19 ± 1.19

5.31 ± 1.38

2.05 ± 1.04

2.16 ± 1.44

Cardiogenic shock

4.55 ± 1.20

4.76 ± 1.23

4.76 ± 1.19

4.97 ± 1.20

3.00 ± 1.23

2.88 ± 1.19

Rheumatic fever

5.00 ± 1.13

5.51 ± 0.98

5.50 ± 0.99

5.50 ± 0.95

3.02 ± 1.41

2.91 ± 1.15

Smoking

5.63 ± 0.71

5.37 ± 1.34

5.43 ± 1.25

5.50 ± 1.30

1.86 ± 1.46

2.31 ± 1.66

Tuberculosis

5.40 ± 0.84

5.49 ± 0.88

5.14 ± 1.20

5.34 ± 1.21

3.45 ± 1.66

3.44 ± 1.50

  1. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.