Table 1 Arthroscopic simulation studies
From: Arthroscopic proficiency: methods in evaluating competency
Study | Validity | Outcome | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|
McCarthy et al. [12] | Construct (knee) | Time to task completion; number of arthroscope and probecollisions | Increased surgical experience associated with reduced probecollisions and time to completion |
Smith et al. [34] | Construct (shoulder) | Number of task errors; number of probe and dangerouscollisions and path length ratio | Task performance able to discriminate arthroscopy experience;lower time to completion and number of collisions fororthopaedic surgeons |
Sherman et al. [33] | Construct (knee) | Mean score for structures indentified; time to taskcompletion; composite score | Differences in scoring performance between individualtrainees identified |
Pedowitz et al. [11] | Construct (shoulder) | Time to task completion; distance probe traveled; number ofprobe collisions | Improved arthroscopic performance with increasingarthroscopic experience |
Bliss et al. [35] | Construct (knee) | Number of anatomical landmarks identified; manipulation scoreout of 100 | Simulator is effective teaching method for learning basicanatomy and manipulation skills |
Gomoll et al. [5] | Construct (shoulder) | Time to task completion; distance traveled by probe; speed ofprobe; number of probe collisions | Improved simulator performance with surgical experience forall parameters |
Gomoll et al. [10] | Construct (shoulder) | Time to task completion; distance traveled by probe; speed ofprobe; number of probe collisions | Increased surgical experience over 2 year period associatedwith improved simulator performance |
Howells et al. [13] | Transfer (knee) | OCAP; OSATS | Trainees with simulator training have improved performance inoperating room compared to untrained control |
Tashiro et al. [32] | Construct (knee) | Path length of arthroscopic scissors; path length ofarthroscopic probe | Simulator scoring and time to completion able to discriminatelevel of surgical skill and experience |
Martin et al. [15] | Transfer (shoulder) | Time to completion of arthroscopic task | Strong correlation between arthroscopic task performance insimulator and cadaveric models |
Martin et al. [36] | Transfer (shoulder) | Time to completion of arthroscopic task | Simulator performance correlates with resident arthroscopicskill and experience |