EBP content | n | (%) |
---|---|---|
Asking clinical question and searching for evidence | Â | Â |
 Formulating clinically relevant questions using PICO formata | 16 | 57.1 |
 Different types of clinical questions to guide literature searchb | 20 | 71.4 |
 Constructing focused search strategya | 19 | 67.9 |
 Locating clinical evidence using electronic databasesa | 19 | 67.9 |
Critically appraising evidence | Â | Â |
 Commonly used study designs and their major strength and limitationsa | 21 | 75.0 |
 Assessing relevance of study design to clinical questiona | 16 | 57.1 |
 Hierarchy or levels of evidencea | 13 | 46.4 |
 Differences among narrative review, systematic review and meta-analysisa | 16 | 57.1 |
 Difference between clinical and statistical significancea | 15 | 53.6 |
 Interpreting results of statistical procedures such as t tests, chi-square testsa | 20 | 71.4 |
 Interpreting results of statistics such as p-value, confidence intervala | 17 | 60.7 |
 Understanding sensitivity and specificity, number needed to treat, odds ratioa | 16 | 57.1 |
 Understanding intention to treat analysis, power calculationa | 10 | 35.7 |
 Use of appraisal tools to assess validitya | 12 | 42.9 |
 Ways in which study validity can be threateneda | 16 | 57.1 |
 Difference between internal and external validitya | 19 | 67.9 |
 Critical appraisal of systematic reviewsa | 9 | 32.1 |
 Interpreting forest plots in systematic reviewsa | 5 | 17.9 |
 Critical appraisal of studies about interventionb | 14 | 50.0 |
 Critical appraisal of studies about diagnosisb | 12 | 42.9 |
 Critical appraisal of studies about prognosisb | 12 | 42.9 |
Integrating evidence and communicating results | Â | Â |
 Deciding on appropriate clinical decision considering patient’s needs and treatment preferencesa | 18 | 64.3 |
 Communicating results of appraisal at level appropriate to individual patienta | 13 | 46.4 |