| analysis units of revised papers (n = 24) | analysis units of unrevised papers (n = 23) | Mann–Whitney U test | Effect size (Cohens d’) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
frequency | median (min.-max.) | frequency | median (min.-max.) | p-value | Â | |
Collaborative problem solving activities (total of category 1.-7.) | 1028 | 36 (15–94) | 554 | 20 (1–53) | P < .001 | 1 .08 |
Outside activity Category 1. | 29 | 1 (0–10) | 26 | 1 (0–4) | P < .716 | 0.05 |
Non-task-focussed activity (total of category 2. & 3.) | 239 | 7.5 (0–31) | 143 | 6 (0–15) | P < .179 | 0.57 |
Category 2. Social Relation | 189 | 5.5 (0–26) | 96 | 3 (0–11) | P < .071 | 0.68 |
Category 3. Interaction Management | 50 | 2 (0–19) | 47 | 1 (0–7) | P < .610 | 0.04 |
Task-focussed activity (total of category 4.-7.) | 760 | 29 (11–65) | 385 | 15 (0–45) | P < .000 | 1.17 |
Category 4. Task Management | 64 | 2 (0–19) | 28 | 1 (0–7) | P < .107 | 0.48 |
Category 5. Opinions | 481 | 17.5 (10–40) | 269 | 10 (0–30) | P < .000 | 1.04 |
Category 6. Argumentation | 186 | 7.5 (0–19) | 80 | 4 (0–9) | P < .005 | 0.98 |
Category 7. Broaden and Deepen | 29 | 0 (0–5) | 8 | 0 (0–5) | P < .016 | 0.54 |