Table 2 Pre-intervention scores for each of the three dimensions of clinical competence in the three study groups
| Â | Mean | Standard deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis | F-test | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cognitive Dimension | ||||||
 Critical Reading | 43.11 | 8.49 | 0.58 | 1.08 |  |  |
 Problem-Based Learning | 45.66 | 6.94 | - 0.47 | 0.17 | 0.25 | 0.78 |
 Controls | 43.90 | 8.13 | 1.27 | 0.48 |  |  |
Habitual Behavioral Dimension | ||||||
 Critical Reading | 57.44 | 13.62 | - 0.17 | - 0.16 |  |  |
 Problem-Based Learning | 53.77 | 13.80 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 0.30 | 0.74 |
 Controls | 52.30 | 16.66 | - 0.95 | 0.84 |  |  |
| Â | Median | Lower-upper quartile | Skewness | Kurtosis | Kruskal-Wallis | P-value |
Affective Dimension | ||||||
 Critical Reading | 4.39 | 4.23-4.58 | - 0.97 | - 0.34 |  |  |
 Problem-Based Learning | 4.26 | 4.08-4.68 | −2.87 | - 3.69 | 0.53 | 0.76 |
 Controls | 4.26 | 3.8-4.54 | - 0.92 | −0.13 |  |  |