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Table 1 Characteristics of the surface, deep and strategic approaches to learning (adapted from Entwistle, 1997; p. 19).

From: Introducing a reward system in assessment in histology: A comment on the learning strategies it might engender

DEEP APPROACH (Transformative)

 

Intention – to understand ideas for oneself by

 

• Relating ideas to previous knowledge and experience

 

• Looking for patterns and underlying principles

 

• Examining logic and argument carefully and critically

 

• Checking evidence and relating it to conclusions

 

• Becoming intrinsically interested in the subject material

 

SURFACE APPROACH (Reproductive)

 

Intention – to cope with course requirements by

 

• Memorising facts and procedures

 

• Approaching course contents as discrete bits of information

 

• Studying without reflecting on purpose or strategy

 

• Feeling undue pressure, stress and worry about work

 

• Experiencing difficulty in making sense of new ideas presented

 

STRATEGIC APPROACH (Organisational)

 

Intention – to achieve the highest possible marks by

 

• Putting constant effort into studying

 

• Managing time and effort effectively

 

• Finding the right conditions and materials for studying

 

• Gearing work to the perceived preferences of staff members

 

• Being alert to assessment requirements and criteria, seeking cues

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